Psycho Analytical Theory of Personality:
Sigmund Freud is credited with creating the first comprehensive theory of personality.
This theory proposes that the psyche comprises three aspects: the id, ego, and superego. [1]
There are two main concepts of psychoanalytic theory:
(1) Unconsciousness:
Mental, among the unconscious, conscious and semi-conscious aspects of action, the unconscious aspect of mental action is much more extensive and complex than the conscious aspect of a person.
The unconscious aspect of a person is more extensive and complex than his conscious aspect.
Unconscious aspect:
Many unknown but powerful and living forces accumulate. They control the conscious behavior of the person.
Semi-conscious aspect:
The semi-conscious serves as a bridge between conscious and unconscious. While the unconscious contains antisocial, immoral and repressed desires, the conscious contains socially accepted feelings.
These needs are not fulfilled in daily life. Therefore, they move away from the conscious and get suppressed and become one with the unconscious and indirectly control the behavior of the person.
(2) Id, Ego, Super Ego:
Sigmund Freud has described three main components in the structure of personality. According to him, if these three components work as a well-organized unit, then the person is able to manage his environment effectively.
Id:
Id is of innate nature. It includes the basic desires, tendencies and repressed desires of the person. It’s not stressed by any kind.
Id can tolerate and wants immediate pleasure, happiness, and satisfaction without any hindrance or waiting. Idam works completely in the unconscious.
Ego:
Unlike Id, Ego is related to reality and motivates a person to adjust to real circumstances. Ego works partly in the unconscious and partly in the conscious.
Super Ego:
The whole Super Ego is related to social beliefs, rituals, and ideals. A person is ready to sacrifice for human, social, and national interest. The Super Ego is completely determined by the conscious.
It is clear that the Id provokes a person to fulfill his suppressed desires immediately. The Super Ego inspires one to act in accordance with social norms and traditions. The Ego tries to establish harmony between the two on real grounds.
In short we can say that..
Id represents the real world of animalistic desires
Ego represents social control
Super Ego represents ideals
Conflicts between Id and the Super Ego
It is normal for there to be a conflict between the Id and the S. Ego, but if the Ego is strong and active, this conflict remains temporary, and the person adjusts to morality or reality. On the contrary, if the Ego is weak and inactive, then the person faces difficulties in adjusting.
According to Sigmund Freud, the personality of any person is actually the result of the interaction and adjustment between his Id, Ego, and S. Ego.
Humans have physical energy as well as mental energy. With the help of physical energy, living beings perform physical activities like walking, running, writing, etc. With the help of mental energy, a person performs mental activities like remembering, perception, thinking, etc.
Freud mainly included instinct, anxiety, and psycho structure in the dynamic aspects of personality. Freud divided instincts into life instinct and death instinct.
Accepting the special importance of sexual behavior in his thoughts, he laid more emphasis on one aspect of the life instinct, sexual instinct, and called the energy force of the sexual instinct Libido.
Conclusion
In human personality, the role of life instinct is greater than that of death instinct. According to Freud, in the dynamic adjustment of Id, Ego, and S. Ego, anxiety alerts the person to impending dangers.
Types of anxiety:
(i) Relative Anxiety:
Freud terms relative anxiety as anxiety about real dangers present in the environment, such as storms, earthquakes, fires, or accidents.
(ii) Neurotic Anxiety:
This anxiety involves the fear of not controlling Id desires by the Ego. The person fears losing control over sexual and aggressive desires.
(iii) Moral Anxiety:
Related to the Ego’s challenge in acting according to the S. Ego, the person fears shame from failing to follow ideals and moral rules.
In fact, these three anxieties are closely interconnected.
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