Experiential Learning and DACA by David Kolb: 4 learning styles

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DACA MODEL

DACA- Divergent Assimilator Converger Accomodator 

DACA model of Kolb explains the various ways in which a child learns. This model shows that learning is a cycle, not a one-time event. Have you ever wondered why some children learn by doing, while others gain knowledge just by reading texts? David Kolb explains this phenomenon through his Experiential Learning  ( DACA) Model.

What is Experiential Learning?

Experiential learning is an approach to learning by doing, experiencing, and reflecting. This is opposite to traditional methods where students have to sit and listen to what their teacher is saying. A child will learn more effectively if they learn by doing rather than just staring at books.

Learning Approaches:

According to David Kolb’s learning model, there are four types of learning methods based on two approaches of receptive perception:

1. Concrete Experience (CE)

2. Abstract Conceptualization (AC)

And two approaches based on transformative experience:

1. Reflective Observation (RO)

2. Active Experimentation (AE)

Let us explain each approach –

1. Concrete Experience (DO):

You try something new and gain new experience. This is an active learning approach. For example, you get a stitching machine and try to stitch a cloth.

2. Reflective Observation (OBSERVE):

You reflect on what was the process, what worked and what didn’t. In simple words, you observe the whole process and outcomes. You reflect on the process and mistakes you made.

3. Abstract Conceptualization (THINK):

Here, you think abstractly about the patterns you followed, the experience you gained, and start making sense of your experience. You understand the steps and balance the cloth and hands.

4. Active Experimentation (TRY):

Now, you actively apply what you have learned in other tasks and test new ideas. You practice and refine your stitching skills.

Learning Methods:

1. Divergent (CE/RO):

Learners with a Divergent learning style are sensitive and able to see things from many perspectives.

• They see and feel.
• They prefer to gather information and use their imagination to solve problems.
• They try to find answers to “why?”
• They prefer to work in groups.
• They listen with an open mind and receive individual feedback.
• They like to see rather than do.

Examples: Artists, musicians and other creative professionals.

2. Assimilator (AC/RO):

Learners with an Assimilator learning style do not pay much attention to individuals and are attracted to abstract concepts.

• They see and think.
• They prefer principles of logic rather than approaches based on practical values.
• They love to read, explain, analyze, and elaborate on texts.
• They love to think deeply.
• They prefer to explore more.

Examples: mathematicians, theorists, psychologists, researchers and scientists etc.

2. Convergent (AC/AE):

Learners with a Convergent learning style solve problems and use their acquired knowledge to solve practical issues.

• They do and think.
• They are interested in technical work.
• They pay less attention to people and interpersonal aspects.
• They experiment with new ideas and work practically.
• They love experiments.

Examples: Nurses, doctors, technicians, engineers and specialists etc.

1. Accommodator (CE/AE):

Learners with an Accommodator learning style are action-oriented and focus on concrete experiences.

•  They do and feel.
• They rely on intuition rather than logic.
• They value personal relationships and interpersonal aspects.
• They learn by doing and experiencing.
• They enjoy hands-on activities.
• They are adaptable and flexible.

Examples: Entrepreneurs, sales professionals, teachers, coaches, trainers, and consultants etc.

Summary

DACA is a highly effective approach because it increases retention and recall power, enhances problem-solving skills, and fosters creativity and innovation. This hands-on learning method develops critical thinking and reflection, helping learners think abstractly. DACA model helps to foster learning.

By connecting concrete experiences to theoretical concepts, learners can apply skills and knowledge to real-life situations. Meeting today’s educational requirements, DACA provides a comprehensive and engaging experiential learning that prepares individuals for practical applications.

Educational Implications of DACA model:

1. Learn by Doing: Encourage hands-on activities, experiments, and projects that allow students to learn through direct experience.

2. Personalized Learning: Recognize and cater to individual learning styles, strengths, and weaknesses to ensure each student’s needs are met.

3. Real-World Connections: Use everyday examples, case studies, and field trips to illustrate how concepts apply to real-life situations.

4. Reflective Learning: Encourage students to reflect on their experiences, thoughts, and feelings to deepen understanding and improve future learning.

5. Problem-Based Learning: Present authentic problems or scenarios that require critical thinking, analysis, and creative solutions.

6. Collaborative Learning: Foster teamwork, group discussions, and peer-to-peer learning to develop social skills and shared knowledge.

7. Flexible Teaching: Adapt instruction to accommodate different learning styles, using DACA,  visual, auditory, and kinesthetic approaches.

8. Practical Applications: Connect theoretical concepts to practical situations, demonstrating how learning can be applied in various contexts.

9. Constructive Feedback: Provide regular, specific, and supportive feedback that guides students’ progress and improvement.

10. Teacher as Facilitator: Shift from lecturing to guiding, supporting, and mentoring students as they take ownership of their learning journey.