Education for Special Children or Exceptional Children
Generally, special or exceptional children are those children who differ from normal children in various personality traits (physical and mental, or both).
As a result, special education must be arranged for them.
Hayward and Orlansky have defined special and exceptional children in their book as follows:
“Special is an umbrella term that refers to any child whose performance deviates above or below the norm to such an extent that he or she requires a program of special education.”
“Exceptional is an exclusive term that refers to any child whose performance deviates from the normal, either below or above, to such an extent that special education programming is indicated.”
This definition clearly states that special children or exceptional children are those who deviate above or below the normal or average child.
There are four types of such children:
Gifted Children
Physically Challenged Children.
Characteristics of special or exceptional children:
Here are some characteristics of special child or exceptional child:-
1. Deviations in physical and mental qualities from normal children.
2. Deviation to such an extent that special education is required.
3. Such children present a challenge for teachers.
4. They require more attention from parents, guardians, and social organizations.
5. They often experience difficulty in social adjustment.
6. Such children have limited control over their emotions, including anger, hatred, and love.
Types of special children
based on the differences in physical, mental, emotional and social development, special children can be categorised into the following types:
1. Gifted Children
Gifted children possess exceptional intellectual abilities. They require special education to nurture their unique gifts.
2. Backward Children
Backward children lag behind their peers in academic development. They require additional support to catch up.
3. Physically Challenged Children
Physically challenged children have physical disabilities or impairments. They require adaptive equipment and assistive technology.
4. Mentally Retarded Children
Mentally retarded children have significant cognitive impairments. They require special education programs and support services.
5. Deprived Children
Deprived children lack access to basic necessities. They require special support services and education.
6. Learning Disabled Children
Learning disabled children have specific learning difficulties. They require special education programs and accommodations.
7. Creative Children
Creative children possess exceptional artistic talents. They require special education to nurture their creativity.
8. Problem Children
Problem children exhibit behavioral difficulties. They require special education programs and counseling.
9. Delinquent Children
Delinquent children exhibit antisocial behavior. They require special education programs and support services.
10. Multiple Handicapped Children
Multiple handicapped children have two or more disabilities. They require comprehensive special education programs and support services.
Possible Advantages of Labeling Exceptional Children
If a child is declared a special child, they have the following benefits:
1. It aids in the proper treatment of children.
2. Experts can discuss, research, and group children more effectively.
3. It facilitates the provision of special education and resources.
4. The government can create laws for their welfare.
5. Public awareness and sympathy can be generated.
Disadvantages of Labeling a Special Child
However, labeling a special child also has its drawbacks:
1. It can lead to the development of a poor self-concept in the child’s mind.
2. Children may be ridiculed by their peers.
3. There is a greater possibility of developing undesirable character traits due to segregation from normal children.
4. Managing special education programs and finding qualified, skilled teachers can be a challenge.
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